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Cross-Connection Control Program

The City of Greeley’s Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control Program is designed to ensure safeguards are in place to protect our drinking water supply. Contamination of water supply systems via cross connection has led to the spread of pathogens and waterborne disease outbreaks.

The methods, practices and procedures used to prevent contamination or pollution of drinking water from backflow through cross-connections is called cross-connection control.

The State of Colorado has required public water systems to identify and control cross connections since the 1980s.

How Backflow Can Happen infographic

INFOGRAPHIC: How Backflow Can Happen

Stage 1

Your home or business has a connection to the public water system not protected by a backflow device.

Stage 2

Water pressure is reduced due to a break in the water main or a fire event using a lot of water suddenly.

Stage 3

The sudden drop in water pressure creates a reverse pressure situation.

Stage 4

Dangerous contaminants from the unprotected cross-connection can now potentially enter the drinking water supply.

What is Cross Connection and Backflow?

A cross-connection is any connection to the drinking water system that could introduce pesticides, fertilizers, used water, fluids, gasses, or anything else into the treated water distribution system.

Cross connections can occur due to backpressure or back-siphonage, which together are types of backflow. Backflow is the reversed flow of contaminated water or other liquids into the drinking water system.

Backflow by back-siphonage occurs when a partial vacuum causes the water flow to reverse, and contaminants are siphoned or sucked into the drinking water system. The effect is similar to drinking from a straw.

Backflow by backpressure occurs when contaminants under pressures greater than those in the drinking water system are pushed into drinking water.

Possible Sources of Cross-Contamination

  • Irrigation systems
  • Fertilizer injection systems
  • Hoses connected to chemical spray bottles
  • Chemicals in water beds, hot tubs, swimming pools, water features, aquariums, fountains, in-home water treatment systems, solar heating systems, and swamp coolers

Commercial and industrial cooling systems, boilers, solvents, and chemicals used in manufacturing processes, liquid storage tanks, waste disposal systems, fire sprinkler systems

Why Is Backflow Prevention So Important infographic

INFOGRAPHIC: Why is Backflow Prevention So Important?

A backflow preventer is a device designed to prevent water from flowing backward into the public water supply system. It ensures that contaminated water from various sources, such as lawn irrigation systems, fire sprinkler systems, heating and cooling systems, industrial systems, medical systems, or swimming pools, does not mix with the clean, potable water supply.

What Are Backflow Prevention Assemblies?

These assemblies are installed onto a pipe to only allow water to flow in one direction. Think of it as a one-way gate that allows water from the city's public water supply to flow into your building or home's piping but stops water if it ever tries to flow backwards into the main water supply. These devices are required in any location where contamination could occur. Systems not protected with approved backflow prevention assemblies could endanger the health of a household or an entire neighborhood.

Who Is Required to Have a Backflow Assembly?

All commercial, industrial and non-single-family residential customers must install backflow prevention assemblies on their water service lines, fire sprinkler systems, and irrigation systems. In the past few years, commercial, industrial, and non-single-family residential sites in Greeley were surveyed to identify potential cross-connections. Each site's water service system was inspected for potential hazards.

What is a single-family-residential connection?

  • A single living unit that is supplied by its own separate service line. An example of this would be a single-family home.
  • Multiple living units where each individual living unit is supplied by a separate service line. An example of this would be a row of townhouse units where each unit has its own separate service line.
  • Two separate single living units supplied by a common service line. An example would be a duplex that shares a service line between the two units.

What is the difference between a single-family-residential connection and a non-single-family-residential connection?

The main difference between a single-family-residential connection and a non-single-family-residential connection is the level of risk that the connection presents to the public water systems distribution system.

  • Single-family-residential connections pose a relatively low risk to the distribution system based on the volume of water contained in the plumbing system.
  • With regards to multi-family service connections, the state requires that any service connection which serves three or more single family dwelling units be evaluated for cross connections. Due to their nature and size, high-risk cross connections such as fire suppression systems, irrigation systems and HVAC are more common and pose a greater risk to the distribution system.

When do single-family-residential connections require control?

There are types of cross connections at single-family-residential connections that may pose a greater risk than those addressed by local plumbing codes enforced by the local jurisdiction authority.

These include but are not limited to:

  • Dedicated irrigation lines from the water main
  • Dedicated fire suppression system lines and chemically enhanced fire suppression systems
  • Auxiliary water sources (e.g. wells, ponds, lagoons, irrigation ditches), hot tubs or swimming pools piped with permanent plumbing, reclaimed water systems, grey water systems, or onsite water storage tanks with permanent plumbing
  • Connections to a home’s potable water supply system from home businesses and hobbies including but not limited to agricultural commerce and hydroponic systems, doctor’s offices, photo laboratories, hide tanning operations, and metal plating operations

Have there been any recent backflow contamination events in Colorado?

There have been several reported backflow contamination events over the years. A few recent examples include a boiler system within an office building failing and contaminating the buildings water supply and another where a raw water irrigation system contaminated a water theme park’s water supply system. In both of these cases the public water supplier’s distribution systems were protected from potential backflow contamination at the service connections via appropriately installed, maintained and tested backflow prevention assemblies.

Who Needs Annual Testing?

All commercial, industrial and non-single-family residential customers must have a certified backflow tester conduct an annual inspection of their backflow prevention assembly to ensure it is functioning properly.

A copy of an accredited backflow tester’s report is required to obtain final approval for a sprinkler system permit.

See the list of local certified testers here: Certified Backflow Testers.

How Can I Help?

  • Install backflow prevention assemblies on all irrigation systems, water service lines and fire sprinkler systems.
  • If you suspect you may have a cross-connection, contact a qualified plumber familiar with cross-connections, hydraulics, and pollution factors.
  • Be observant. Check for potential sources of cross-connections around your home, business, or industrial site.
  • Never leave hoses in buckets, pools, or sinks.

Contact Us

For more information, please contact backflow@greeleygov.com or call 970-336-4012.


Contact Us

Greeley Water and Sewer
1001 11th Avenue, 2nd Floor
Greeley, CO 80631

Monday - Friday, 8am - 5pm
water@greeleygov.com
970-350-9805 fax

970-350-9811
(Select an option)
1 Make a payment
2 Utility billing or service questions
3 Water emergency
4 Sewer emergency
5 Water quality
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7 Lead protection program
8 New water meter

Backflow and Cross-connection Program
backflow@greeleygov.com

Lead Protection Program
970-336-4273
leadprotection@greeleygov.com

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Facility
wastewatertreatment@greeleygov.com

Water Conservation
conserve@greeleygov.com

Water Quality
waterquality@greeleygov.com

Water Resources and Supply
970-350-9804

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